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季铵盐

创建时间：2021/03/20 修改时间：2021/07/25 浏览：574
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Item NameQuaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)
项目名称季铵盐
百书编码wk.hyr.21.0001
主编Gary
修改人Gary
Other Name
Benz alkonium chloride,BAC Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chlorid,DDAC
其他中文名称
二癸基二甲基氯化铵（DDAC）
苯扎氯铵（BAC）
DDAC（十六烷基二甲基氯化铵）
BAC（苄基氯化铵）
项目简介
Acronym Compound CAS Company Order No. Native standards BAC-C8
Benzyldimethyloctylammonium chloride 959-55-7 HPC 675698 BAC-C10
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride 965-32-2 Aldrich 13371 BAC-C12
Benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride 139-07-1 Aldrich 13380 BAC-C14
Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride 139-08-2 Fluka 13401 BAC-C16
Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride 122-18-9 Sigma B4136 BAC-C18
Benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride 122-19-0 HPC 674644 DDAC-C8
Dimethyldioctylammonium bromide 3026-69-5 HPC 675696
Dimethyldioctylammonium chloride 5538-94-3 LGC DRE-C12726470 DDAC-C10
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 7173-51-5 LGC DRE-C12588000 DDAC-C12
Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride 3401-74-9 Chemos 135628 TRC D441760
Internal Standards (Options) BAC-C10 D7 D7-
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride HPC 674610 BAC-C12 D6 D6-
Benzyldimethyldodecylammonium iodide HPC 674572 BAC-C14 D7 D7-
Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride HPC 674611 DDAC-C10 D6 D6-
Didecyldimethylammonium iodide HPC 674541

季铵化合物（QAC）是含有季阳离子氮原子的表面活性物质，被不同长度的烷基链取代。它们被用作技术应用的杀生物剂，杀虫剂，消毒剂和添加剂。
BAC是具有各种偶数烷基链长度（C8-C18）的烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵的混合物。最大的杀生物活性与C12-C14衍生物有关，后者是混合物的主要成分。
DDAC是烷基-季铵盐的混合物，典型烷基链长度为C8，C10和C12。 C10是主要成分，占混合物的90％以上。因此，在大多数情况下，术语DDAC用于氯化十二烷基二甲基铵同类物。[3]
Item Introduction
Acronym Compound CAS Company Order No. Native standards BAC-C8 Benzyldimethyloctylammonium chloride 959-55-7 HPC 675698 BAC-C10 Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride 965-32-2 Aldrich 13371 BAC-C12 Benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride 139-07-1 Aldrich 13380 BAC-C14 Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride 139-08-2 Fluka 13401 BAC-C16 Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride 122-18-9 Sigma B4136 BAC-C18 Benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride 122-19-0 HPC 674644 DDAC-C8 Dimethyldioctylammonium bromide 3026-69-5 HPC 675696 Dimethyldioctylammonium chloride 5538-94-3 LGC DRE-C12726470 DDAC-C10 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 7173-51-5 LGC DRE-C12588000 DDAC-C12 Didodecyldimethylammonium chloride 3401-74-9 Chemos 135628 TRC D441760 Internal Standards (Options) BAC-C10 D7 D7-Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride HPC 674610 BAC-C12 D6 D6-Benzyldimethyldodecylammonium iodide HPC 674572 BAC-C14 D7 D7-Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride HPC 674611 DDAC-C10 D6 D6-Didecyldimethylammonium iodide HPC 674541

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are surface-active substances containing a qua-ternary cationic nitrogen atom, substituted by alkyl chains of varying length. They are used as biocides, pesticides, disinfectants and additives for technical applications.
BAC is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of various even-numbered alkyl chain lengths (C8-C18). The greatest biocide activity is associated with the C12-C14 deriva-tives, which are the main components of the mixture.
DDAC is a mixture of alkyl-quaternary ammonium salts with typical alkyl chain lengths of C8, C10 and C12. C10 is the main component and makes more than 90 % of the mixture. In most cases the term DDAC is thus used for the Didecyldimethylammonium chloride congener.[3]
主流测试方法液相色谱-质谱法
Major Test MethodLC-MS
用途
杀虫剂、消毒剂、去污剂[1,2]
DDAC曾经在欧盟被批准为植物保护产品（用于观赏植物）。 BAC从未被批准为植物保护产品中的活性物质。
季铵盐通常在食品服务行业中用作消毒剂。[2]

乳制品行业可能是DDAC和BAC使用中与食品相关的最重要领域。例如，含有DDAC和BAC的产品可用于各种表面挤奶设备，牛奶储罐和冰淇淋机的消毒。 BAC和DDAC在奶牛养殖者中很流行，它们被用来消毒乳房和挤奶设备，目的是预防乳腺炎和生产低细菌数的原奶，从卫生和经济角度来看，这都是优先考虑的。与许多含氯碱产品不同，BAC和DDAC不会引起皮肤刺激。
use
pesticide properties
DDAC used to be approved in the EU as a plant protection product (for ornamental plants). BAC has never been approved as active substance in plant protection products.

Quaternary ammonium salts are commonly used in the foodservice industry as sanitizing agents.[2]
Dairy Industry is probably the most important food-related field of DDAC and BAC use. DDAC and BAC containing products are for example employed for the disinfection of all kind of surfaces milking equipment, milk storage tanks and ice-cream machines. BAC and DDAC are popular among dairy farmers, where they are used to disinfect udder and milking equip-ment with the goal of preventing mastitis and producing raw milk with low bacterial count, which is preferential both from the hygienic and economic point of view. Unlike many chlo-rine-containing products BAC and DDAC do not cause skin irritation.[3]
source
In milk and milk powder, these residues may be present due to disinfection of the production line. High residues were detected in citrus fruits and large tropical fruits like avocado, banana and mango. The BfR (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment) suspects a targeted application after harvest.[1]
来源

在牛奶和奶粉中，由于生产线的消毒，这些残留物可能存在。
在柑橘类水果和鳄梨，香蕉和芒果等热带大型水果中检出了高残留量。

BfR（联邦风险评估研究所）怀疑收获后有针对性的应用。[1]
事件/
Event/
污染对象/作用对象在牛奶和奶粉中，在柑橘类水果和鳄梨，香蕉和芒果等热带大型水果[1]
Where did it appearIn milk and milk powder, citrus fruits and large tropical fruits like avocado, banana and mango. [1]
毒性

季铵化合物可显示一系列健康影响，包括轻度皮肤和呼吸道刺激直至皮肤和胃肠道壁严重烧伤（取决于浓度），胃肠道症状（例如恶心和呕吐），昏迷，抽搐，低血压和死亡。
人们认为它们是负责在全身麻醉过程中使用神经肌肉阻滞剂发生过敏反应的化学组。 Quaternium-15是手部过敏性接触性皮炎的最常见原因（959例中为16.5％）[2]
toxicity
Quaternary ammonium compounds can display a range of health effects, amongst which are mild skin and respiratory irritation up to severe caustic burns on skin and the gastrointestinal wall (depending on concentration), gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea and vomiting), coma, convulsions, hypotension and death.
They are thought to be the chemical group responsible for anaphylactic reactions that occur with use of neuromuscular blocking drugs during general anaesthesia in surgery.
Quaternium-15 is the single most often found cause of allergic contact dermatitis of the hands (16.5% in 959 cases)[2]
控制方法减少含该成分产品的使用
Control Method/
法规要求
根据法规（EC）1119/2014，食品和饲料中DDAC和BAC的最大限量由法规（EC）397/2005附件III的修订规定。自2014年11月12日起，该法规将所有商品的特定最大残留限量（MRL）设置为0.1 mg / kg。
欧洲StALuT（食品安全和动物健康常设委员会）指南中规定的食品现行最大残留限量为0.5 mg / kg，将申请评估，直到2015年8月11日。新的最大残留限量有效期为5年，并将于2010年8月11日生效。重新评估至2019年12月31日。
Regulatory requirements
With regulation (EC) No. 1119/2014, maximum limits for DDAC and BAC in food and feed are defined by an amendment of Annex III of regulation (EC) 397/2005. As of 12th November 2014, this regulation sets specific maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 0.1 mg/kg for all commodities.
The existing MRL set in the guidelines of the European StALuT (Permanent Committee for food safety and animal health) of 0.5 mg/kg for food is to be applied for assessment until 11th August 2015. The new MRLs are valid for 5 years and will be reassessed until 31st December 2019.
参考文献

[1] GALAB website https//www.galab.de/en/food/DDAC.php
[2] WIKIPEDIA website https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation
[3] EU Reference Laboratory Analysis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Fruits and Vegetables using QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS
感谢支持 /